사용자:KYPark/노트

Across languages[편집]

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=False_cognate&diff=678320136&oldid=678307973

Antillean Creole French ak (and)[note 1] and Latin ac (and)
Arabic/Hebrew akh/aḥ (brother) and Mongolian akh (brother)
Arabic al- (the) and Spanish el/Italian il (the)
Arabic ana/Amharic ena (I) and Gondi ana (I)
Arabic/Amharic anta (you, masculine singular) and Japanese anata (貴方, あなた) / anta (あんた) (you, informal or rude) and Malay anda (you)
Arabic (ha)dha (this) and English the, this, that
Arabic (Egyptian dialect) جيد gayyid (good, having quality)[1] and English good
Arabic houri (heavenly virgins according to Muslim theology) and English whore / German Hure[2]
Arabic mā and Greek mē (Doric mā) (not)
Arabic mati (die) and Indonesian mati (die) and Spanish matar (kill)
Arabic mirʾāh and English mirror
Arabic sharif (and its Portuguese descendant xerife) and American English sheriff
Arabic wa (و) (Tunisian u) (and) and Armenian ու (u) (and) and Middle Persian u and Kurmanji û
Arabic walad (ولد) (boy, son) and British English lad
Aramaic di or de- (which, of), Italian di & Spanish/French de (of), Mandarin de (的) ('s)
Archi dogi and English donkey[3]
Archi mejmanak (monkey) and Spanish mono (monkey)[3]
Archi qaz (goose) and English gosling[3]
Archi qol (ice) and English cold[3]
Armenian hēr (հեր) (hair) and English hair
Ashkenazi Hebrew meis (dead)/ mos (death of) and Latin mors (death); Sephardi Hebrew mot (death of) / Arabic "mawt" and Italian morte
Babylonian šī, English she and Irish sí
Bagvalal акъо /atɬʼo/ (hut) and Greenlandic illu /iɬːu/ (house)
Bagvalal уᴴ /ũ/ (yes) and Japanese un /ɯɴ/ (yes)
Basque elkar (each other) and Dutch elkaar (each other)
Bengali fela (throw away/put down) and English fell (make something fall) and fall and Hebrew pol (which becomes fol after a vowel sound)
Bikol aki (child) and Korean agi (child)
Blackfoot aki (woman) and Even akhi (woman)
Chinese cāntīng (餐厅) (dining room, cafeteria) and English canteen (Pinyin <c> has the value [ts])
Chinese dàmā (大妈) (middle-aged woman) and Spanish dama (lady)
Chuvash nĕrtte (awkward, inept) and English nerdy
Coptic per (house) and Etruscan pera (house) and Hittite pēr (house)
Dutch door (through, from Proto-Germanic *þurhw) and English door (partition that one operates to pass through, from Proto-Germanic *durz)
Dutch maar (but, from PIE *ne h₂wes-) and Italian ma (but, from PIE *meǵh₂) and Vietnamese mà (but)
Dzongkha Druk (dragon) and English drake
Egyptian bity and English bee
Egyptian *marar (to see, to look) and Japanese miru (見る) (to look) and Spanish mirar (to look at, to watch)/Portuguese mirar (to stare)
Egyptian mennu (food) and French menu
English able and Turkish -abil/-ebil (ability infix)
English ache and Ancient Greek ἄχος (ákhos) (pain, distress)[4]
English am (first person present tense of to be), Etruscan am (to be), and Sumerian am (to be)
English among and Visayan among (accidentally included)
English ask and Jaqaru aska[5]
English aye (yes, affirmative vote), Japanese hai (はい) (yes) and Cantonese hai (係) (to be [used to answer to yes-no questions)[citation needed]
English bad, Persian bad, and Armenian vad (ւադ) (bad)[5]
English be and Gbaya be [5]
English beat and Russian бить (to hit or batter; both words also pronounced nearly identically)
English better[note 2] and Persian behtar[note 3]
English buy and Japanese on'yomi bai (買, to buy)
English boy, Japanese bōya (坊や) (young male child), and Finnish poika (boy, son)
English brush and Texmelucan Zapotec brush
English can and Japanese kan (缶) (portable container)[note 4]
English cheek and Russian shcheka (щека; cheek)
English chop and Uzbek chop
English cover and Biblical Hebrew kaphar (Hebrew word #3722 in Strong's Concordance) (appease, cover over)
English cut and Vietnamese cắt (to cut)
English cut and Finnish kaataa (to cut down) (to hew)[note 5]
English dairy and Russian/Ukrainian doyar (дояр; milker), doyarka (milkmaid)
English day, daily and Spanish día (day) (or Latin dies (day) or even English diary)[6]
English demure and German Demut (humility)
English delete and Russian udalit' (удалить; to delete, remove)
English die and Thai dtâi (ตาย) (to die)
English dog and Mbabaram dog
English dork and Russian durak (дурак)
English dung and Korean 똥 ttong (excrement)[7]
English each and Hebrew ish (man; can be used for "each")
English egg, Ganda eggi (egg) and Egyptian Arabic eggah (omelette)
English evaporate and Ukrainian vyparovuvaty (випаровувати);
English eye and Hebrew `ayin/ Arabic `ain (eye)
English fall and Hebrew nafal (fell)
English fee and Shanghainese fi (simplified Chinese: 费; traditional Chinese: 費)/ Vietnamese phí
English fire and Thai fai (ไฟ)
English folk and Latin vulgus (the public)
English fruit and Hebrew perot (פֵּרוֹת) (which becomes ferot after a vowel sound)
English have and French avoir/Latin habeo
English heart and Malay hati
English hole and Mayan hol
English hollow and Lake Miwok hóllu[5]
English honest and Japanese honne
English house, Hungarian ház (house, block of flats)
English humo(u)r and Russian umora (fun)
English hut and Ukrainian khata (хата)
English Indian (native American) and Mescalero Inde (Apache, person)
English it, Russian eto(это) and Tagalog eto/ito (it, this)
English kitten, Indonesian and Malaysian kucing (cat) and Tagalog kuting (kitten)
English lake[note 6] and Latin lacus (lake, pond)[note 7]
English laser and Scottish Gaelic lasair (light beam, flame)
English many and Korean 많이 mani (much, many)
English martyrdom and Russian mytarstvo (suffering, torture)
English mount (short form of mountain) and Hawaiian mauna (mountain)
English much and Spanish mucho
English mysterious and Hebrew mistori (מִסְתּוֹרִי)
English neck/German Nacken and Spanish nuca and Hungarian nyak
English observer and Russian obozrevatel' (observer)
English one (when used as a pronoun for an indefinite person) and French on
English order and Persian ord (اُرد) (order, command) (from Old Persian arta "divine/cosmic order, truth")
English over and Japanese 終わり owari (end)
English owe and Japanese 負う ou (to bear, to take responsibility, to owe)
English pan and Mandarin pan/Vietnamese bàn (pan, shallow plate, table)
English pear and Korean 배 pay, bae (Korean pear)
English persecution and Bulgarian and Russian presechenie (пресечение; persecution, suppression, injunction)
English person and Sanskrit puruṣa (person)
English platypus and Czech ptakopysk
English portion and Hebrew parashat (פָּרָשַׁת; weekly Torah portion)
English pussy (pet name for cat); Samoan pusi (cat) / Tagalog pusa (cat); and Turkish pisi (cat)
English reason and Bulgarian and Russian razum (разум)
English road and French route
English screech and Croatian skričati (shriek, screech)
English seed and Korean 씨 ssi (pip)
English shower and Portuguese chuveiro (shower)
English so and Japanese sō (そう) (in the sense of referring to something that was said being correct or referring to something said previously)
English strange and Italian strano (both from Latin extraneus) and Bulgarian stranno (странно)
English stranger and Bulgarian and Russian strannik (странник)
English tiny and Yana tʼinii[5]
English tongue and Mapudungun dungun (tongue, speech)
English viscosity and Russian vyazkost' (вязкость)
English whole and Ancient Greek hólos (ὅλος)
English why and Korean 왜 wae
English woman and Old Japanese womi₁na
English yea and Korean 예 ye (yes)
English zone (state of immersion in an activity) and Japanese 禅 zen (from Sanskrit dhyāna, being absorbed in meditation)
Estonian/Finnish ei (no, not), Etruscan ei (no, not), and Norwegian ei/Swedish ej (not)
Estonian mana (magic, spell, incantation) and Polynesian-Melanesian mana
Estonian kalamari (roe, caviar) and Italian calamaro, Slovene kalamari (squid)
Estonian lapsus (childishness, childish error) and Latin lapsus (falling, slip, error)
Estonian mina/Finnish minä (I), and Zulu mina (I)
Estonian seitse (seven) and Japanese shichi (seven)
Estonian ta (short form of tema) (he/she) and Mandarin tā (他/她) (he/she)
Etruscan ac (to make, act) and Sumerian ak (to make, act)
Etruscan an (he/she/it), Sumerian ane (he/she/it) and Tagalog ang (it/the)
Etruscan ipa (who, which), Indonesian siapa (who) and Sumerian aba (who)
Etruscan mi (I/me), Lombard mi (I/me) and Sumerian ma (I/me)
Ewe yo (I agree, yes), Swedish jo (yes).
Finnish kasa (pile) and Japanese kasamu (嵩む) (to pile up)
Finnish ja (meaning "and") and Japanese や (ya) (meaning "or")
Finnish hän (he, she) and Swedish/Norwegian/Danish han (he)
Finnish liian (too, exceedingly)[note 8] and Greek lían (λίαν; very, very much, overmuch, exceedingly)
Finnish mua (me, colloquial)[note 9] and French moi (me)
French boudoir (bedroom) and English bower
French écouter (listen) and Greek akouō (hear)
French caisse/Italian cassa (money box) and Tamil kasu (an ancient monetary unit) (see Cash (disambiguation))
French feu (fire)[note 10] and German Feuer (fire)[note 11][8]
French Gaule (whence English Gaul) and Latin Gallia
French le and Samoan le (both "the")
French lien and Mandarin lián/ Vietnamese liên (both "link")
French papillon and Nahuatl papalotl (both "butterfly")
French qui est-ce? (who is this?)/ Italian chi è? (Who is this?) and Hungarian ki ez? (who is this?)
French rue and Mandarin lù (路)/ Vietnamese lộ (both "road") Ga ba (come) and Hebrew ba (בא) (came) and Kannada ba (come).
Gascon babau, Romanian babau, Italian (dialectal) babau and Ukrainian babay (bogeyman)
German Ach, so! and Japanese Aa, soo (ああ、そう) (I see)
German haben (to have) and Latin habere (to have)[9]
German Schwur and Hebrew shvu`a (שבועה) (both "oath")
German Seele and Lithuanian siela (both meaning "soul")
German Kreuz and Russian krest (крест) (both "cross")
Greek thesato and Russian sosat' (сосать; to suck)
Greek alla (but) and Hebrew/Aramaic ella (but rather)
Greek gyné (γυνή; woman), Hawaiian/Maori wahine (woman) (and similar forms in other Polynesian languages) and Latin vagina
Greek root -lab- and Sanskrit root -labh- (take)[10]
Greek meta (μετά, between) and Mi'kmaq mata (junction, as in matapegiag)
Greek pauo (παύω, stop, cease) and Hawaiian pau (finished, done, end)
Greek phullon (leaf, plant), Korean p'ul (풀) (herb, grass) and Tamil pul (புல்) (grass)
Greek pou (where) and Hebrew poh (here)/ephoh (where)
Greek stylos (column) and Latin stilus (pen): the English spellings "style" and "stylus" result from a false etymology
Greek theos (god) and Greek Zeus (the king of all gods)
Greek theos and Latin deus (both "god")
Greek theos (god) and Nahuatl teo (god – absolutive: teotl)
Greenlandic tallimat and Tagalog lima (both "five")
Hawaiian kahuna (priest) and Hebrew k'huna (כְּהוּנָה) (priesthood)
Hebrew ari (lion) and Tamil ari (lion) and Kazakh Aristan
Hebrew din (law) and Persian din (religion)
Hebrew derekh (דֶרֶך) (way, route) and Russian doroga / Ukrainian doroha (дорога; road)
Hebrew derekh (דֶרֶך) and German durch (both "through")
Hebrew har (הר) and Ukrainian hora (гора) (both "mountain)
Hebrew ish and Yana Ishi (both "man")
Hebrew sar (prince), English sir (nobleman), Russian Tsar (emperor)
Hebrew shesh (שׁשׁ) (six) with Hurrian šeše and Persian shesh (six)
Hindi chapatti and Italian ciabatta
Hungarian föld (earth, land, soil) and Icelandic fold (earth, land, ground)
Indonesian dua (two), Korean dul (two) and Vietnamese đôi (pair)
Indonesian kepala (head) and Greek kephale (head)
Inuktitut kayak and Turkish kayık[11] and Choco language group cayuca (rowing boat)
Irish ach and Hebrew ach (אַך) (both "but")
Italian aiutare and Finnish auttaa (both "to help")
Italian donna and Japanese onna (女) (both "woman")
Italian micio (small cat) and Quechua michi (cat)
Italian popolo and K’iche’ popol (both "people")
Italian roba (set of things) and Croatian roba (goods, things for sale)
Italian sette (seven)[note 12] and Yakut sette (seven)[note 13]
Japanese arigatō (ありがとう; thank you) and Portuguese obrigado (thank you)
Japanese baba (祖母/ばば) (grandmother) and Bulgarian and Russian baba (бабушка, баба; grandmother) and Yiddish Bubbe (Grandmother)
Japanese gaijin (外人) (non-Japanese), Romani gadjo (non-Romani), Hebrew and Yiddish goy (non-Jew)
Japanese hato (dove, from Proto-Japanese pato) and Spanish pato (duck)
Japanese kofun (古墳) (megalithic tomb) and English coffin
Japanese ne (ね), colloquial German ne, colloquial Portuguese né (contraction of não é? "isn't it?"), colloquial Kapampangan neh ("right?", "isn't it?") (all tag question markers)
Japanese oi (おい) and British English oi (Interjection to get someone's attention)
Japanese shiru (知る) (know) and Latin scire (know)

A graphic example; the Japanese katakana ト to and the Latin letter t, as well as the hiragana て te and ꞇ, a Gaelic form of the Latin letter t

Kannada kivi (ಕಿವಿ) (ear) and Korean kwi (귀) (ear) (Korean kwi pronounced ki in normal speech)
Korean tokki (axe) and Mapuche natives and Easter Island Polynesian toki (axe)
Korean nan (난) and Tamil naan (நான்) (I)
Korean mal (말) and Icelandic mál (speech)
Kyrgyz ayal and Parji ayal (both "woman")
Latin ego and Tagalog ako (both "I")
Latin et and Kapampangan at (both "and")
Latin faciō (I make) and Māori whaka- (causative prefix; wh represents an f-like sound)
Latin fēmina (woman, female) and Old English fǣmne/Old Frisian fēmne (maiden)
Latin Iov- (Jupiter, oblique case stem) and Medieval Latin Iehovah (Jehovah)
Malay atuk and Inuit atuk (both "grandfather")
Malay mata and modern Greek máti (eye, from ommátion)[5]
Mandarin Chinese nǐ (你), Swedish ni and Tamil nii (நீ). All three words mean you.
Mandarin Chinese "tā shì" (她是) and Irish "tá sí", meaning "she is"
Persian ābād "city, building, habitation" (compare -abad in South Asian city names) and English abode (also compare Scots abade or abaid, Middle English abad and unattested Old English *ābād)
Persian se (سه) and Korean se (세) and Shanghainese 三 se, all meaning: three.
Polish mieszkanie (apartment) and Hebrew mishkan (מִשׁכָּן) (Hebrew word #4908 in Strong's Concordance) (dwelling)
Proto-Indo-European *temh₁- "to cut" and Proto-Algonquian *temah- "to cut off (by tool)" (compare tomahawk)
Romanian rău and Hebrew ra (רַע) (both masculine forms of adj. "bad")
Romanian feminine definite article -a and Aramaic definite article -a (both suffixes)
Russian нам (nam, us, dative of мы (my, we)), Ngarrindjeri nam (us) and Tagalog namin (us, by us, through us)
Russian taz (basin) and unitaz (toilet bowl)
Spanish como (as/like) and Hebrew k'mo (כְּמוֹ) (as/like) and Arabic kma (as/like)
Sanskrit urj (ऊर्ज्) (strength, vigour) and English urge
Santali seta (dog) and Ainu seta/sita (dog)
Spanish y [i] and Slavic и/i [i] (both "and")
Spanish first-person pronoun yo (I) and archaic Japanese first-person pronoun yo (よ) (I)
Tamil amma (அம்மா)(mother) and Korean eomma (엄마) (mother)
Tamil appa (அப்பா) and Korean appa (아빠) (both "father")
Tamil nāḷ (நாள்) and Korean nal (날) (both "day")
Tamil vā (வா) (come) and Korean wa (와) (come) --the Korean wa is an artifact of verb conjugation
Tamil onnu (ஒண்ணு) and Korean eoneu (어느) (both "one")
Thai dao (ดาว) and Vietnamese sao (both "star")
Turkish bir and Ingain biré (both "one")
Turkish dil and Tagalog dila (both "tongue")
Turkish göl and Swedish göl (both "lake")
Turkish kara (land, shore) and Tamil karai (கரை) (shore)
Welsh cwmwl / Latin cumulus and Japanese kumo (雲) (cloud)
Welsh hi and Hebrew hi (הִיא) (both "she")