사용자:KYPark/노트
Across languages
[편집]- Antillean Creole French ak (and)[note 1] and Latin ac (and)
- Arabic/Hebrew akh/aḥ (brother) and Mongolian akh (brother)
- Arabic al- (the) and Spanish el/Italian il (the)
- Arabic ana/Amharic ena (I) and Gondi ana (I)
- Arabic/Amharic anta (you, masculine singular) and Japanese anata (貴方, あなた) / anta (あんた) (you, informal or rude) and Malay anda (you)
- Arabic (ha)dha (this) and English the, this, that
- Arabic (Egyptian dialect) جيد gayyid (good, having quality)[1] and English good
- Arabic houri (heavenly virgins according to Muslim theology) and English whore / German Hure[2]
- Arabic mā and Greek mē (Doric mā) (not)
- Arabic mati (die) and Indonesian mati (die) and Spanish matar (kill)
- Arabic mirʾāh and English mirror
- Arabic sharif (and its Portuguese descendant xerife) and American English sheriff
- Arabic wa (و) (Tunisian u) (and) and Armenian ու (u) (and) and Middle Persian u and Kurmanji û
- Arabic walad (ولد) (boy, son) and British English lad
- Aramaic di or de- (which, of), Italian di & Spanish/French de (of), Mandarin de (的) ('s)
- Archi dogi and English donkey[3]
- Archi mejmanak (monkey) and Spanish mono (monkey)[3]
- Archi qaz (goose) and English gosling[3]
- Archi qol (ice) and English cold[3]
- Armenian hēr (հեր) (hair) and English hair
- Ashkenazi Hebrew meis (dead)/ mos (death of) and Latin mors (death); Sephardi Hebrew mot (death of) / Arabic "mawt" and Italian morte
- Babylonian šī, English she and Irish sí
- Bagvalal акъо /atɬʼo/ (hut) and Greenlandic illu /iɬːu/ (house)
- Bagvalal уᴴ /ũ/ (yes) and Japanese un /ɯɴ/ (yes)
- Basque elkar (each other) and Dutch elkaar (each other)
- Bengali fela (throw away/put down) and English fell (make something fall) and fall and Hebrew pol (which becomes fol after a vowel sound)
- Bikol aki (child) and Korean agi (child)
- Blackfoot aki (woman) and Even akhi (woman)
- Chinese cāntīng (餐厅) (dining room, cafeteria) and English canteen (Pinyin <c> has the value [ts])
- Chinese dàmā (大妈) (middle-aged woman) and Spanish dama (lady)
- Chuvash nĕrtte (awkward, inept) and English nerdy
- Coptic per (house) and Etruscan pera (house) and Hittite pēr (house)
- Dutch door (through, from Proto-Germanic *þurhw) and English door (partition that one operates to pass through, from Proto-Germanic *durz)
- Dutch maar (but, from PIE *ne h₂wes-) and Italian ma (but, from PIE *meǵh₂) and Vietnamese mà (but)
- Dzongkha Druk (dragon) and English drake
- Egyptian bity and English bee
- Egyptian *marar (to see, to look) and Japanese miru (見る) (to look) and Spanish mirar (to look at, to watch)/Portuguese mirar (to stare)
- Egyptian mennu (food) and French menu
- English able and Turkish -abil/-ebil (ability infix)
- English ache and Ancient Greek ἄχος (ákhos) (pain, distress)[4]
- English am (first person present tense of to be), Etruscan am (to be), and Sumerian am (to be)
- English among and Visayan among (accidentally included)
- English ask and Jaqaru aska[5]
- English aye (yes, affirmative vote), Japanese hai (はい) (yes) and Cantonese hai (係) (to be [used to answer to yes-no questions)[citation needed]
- English bad, Persian bad, and Armenian vad (ւադ) (bad)[5]
- English be and Gbaya be [5]
- English beat and Russian бить (to hit or batter; both words also pronounced nearly identically)
- English better[note 2] and Persian behtar[note 3]
- English buy and Japanese on'yomi bai (買, to buy)
- English boy, Japanese bōya (坊や) (young male child), and Finnish poika (boy, son)
- English brush and Texmelucan Zapotec brush
- English can and Japanese kan (缶) (portable container)[note 4]
- English cheek and Russian shcheka (щека; cheek)
- English chop and Uzbek chop
- English cover and Biblical Hebrew kaphar (Hebrew word #3722 in Strong's Concordance) (appease, cover over)
- English cut and Vietnamese cắt (to cut)
- English cut and Finnish kaataa (to cut down) (to hew)[note 5]
- English dairy and Russian/Ukrainian doyar (дояр; milker), doyarka (milkmaid)
- English day, daily and Spanish día (day) (or Latin dies (day) or even English diary)[6]
- English demure and German Demut (humility)
- English delete and Russian udalit' (удалить; to delete, remove)
- English die and Thai dtâi (ตาย) (to die)
- English dog and Mbabaram dog
- English dork and Russian durak (дурак)
- English dung and Korean 똥 ttong (excrement)[7]
- English each and Hebrew ish (man; can be used for "each")
- English egg, Ganda eggi (egg) and Egyptian Arabic eggah (omelette)
- English evaporate and Ukrainian vyparovuvaty (випаровувати);
- English eye and Hebrew `ayin/ Arabic `ain (eye)
- English fall and Hebrew nafal (fell)
- English fee and Shanghainese fi (simplified Chinese: 费; traditional Chinese: 費)/ Vietnamese phí
- English fire and Thai fai (ไฟ)
- English folk and Latin vulgus (the public)
- English fruit and Hebrew perot (פֵּרוֹת) (which becomes ferot after a vowel sound)
- English have and French avoir/Latin habeo
- English heart and Malay hati
- English hole and Mayan hol
- English hollow and Lake Miwok hóllu[5]
- English honest and Japanese honne
- English house, Hungarian ház (house, block of flats)
- English humo(u)r and Russian umora (fun)
- English hut and Ukrainian khata (хата)
- English Indian (native American) and Mescalero Inde (Apache, person)
- English it, Russian eto(это) and Tagalog eto/ito (it, this)
- English kitten, Indonesian and Malaysian kucing (cat) and Tagalog kuting (kitten)
- English lake[note 6] and Latin lacus (lake, pond)[note 7]
- English laser and Scottish Gaelic lasair (light beam, flame)
- English many and Korean 많이 mani (much, many)
- English martyrdom and Russian mytarstvo (suffering, torture)
- English mount (short form of mountain) and Hawaiian mauna (mountain)
- English much and Spanish mucho
- English mysterious and Hebrew mistori (מִסְתּוֹרִי)
- English neck/German Nacken and Spanish nuca and Hungarian nyak
- English observer and Russian obozrevatel' (observer)
- English one (when used as a pronoun for an indefinite person) and French on
- English order and Persian ord (اُرد) (order, command) (from Old Persian arta "divine/cosmic order, truth")
- English over and Japanese 終わり owari (end)
- English owe and Japanese 負う ou (to bear, to take responsibility, to owe)
- English pan and Mandarin pan/Vietnamese bàn (pan, shallow plate, table)
- English pear and Korean 배 pay, bae (Korean pear)
- English persecution and Bulgarian and Russian presechenie (пресечение; persecution, suppression, injunction)
- English person and Sanskrit puruṣa (person)
- English platypus and Czech ptakopysk
- English portion and Hebrew parashat (פָּרָשַׁת; weekly Torah portion)
- English pussy (pet name for cat); Samoan pusi (cat) / Tagalog pusa (cat); and Turkish pisi (cat)
- English reason and Bulgarian and Russian razum (разум)
- English road and French route
- English screech and Croatian skričati (shriek, screech)
- English seed and Korean 씨 ssi (pip)
- English shower and Portuguese chuveiro (shower)
- English so and Japanese sō (そう) (in the sense of referring to something that was said being correct or referring to something said previously)
- English strange and Italian strano (both from Latin extraneus) and Bulgarian stranno (странно)
- English stranger and Bulgarian and Russian strannik (странник)
- English tiny and Yana tʼinii[5]
- English tongue and Mapudungun dungun (tongue, speech)
- English viscosity and Russian vyazkost' (вязкость)
- English whole and Ancient Greek hólos (ὅλος)
- English why and Korean 왜 wae
- English woman and Old Japanese womi₁na
- English yea and Korean 예 ye (yes)
- English zone (state of immersion in an activity) and Japanese 禅 zen (from Sanskrit dhyāna, being absorbed in meditation)
- Estonian/Finnish ei (no, not), Etruscan ei (no, not), and Norwegian ei/Swedish ej (not)
- Estonian mana (magic, spell, incantation) and Polynesian-Melanesian mana
- Estonian kalamari (roe, caviar) and Italian calamaro, Slovene kalamari (squid)
- Estonian lapsus (childishness, childish error) and Latin lapsus (falling, slip, error)
- Estonian mina/Finnish minä (I), and Zulu mina (I)
- Estonian seitse (seven) and Japanese shichi (seven)
- Estonian ta (short form of tema) (he/she) and Mandarin tā (他/她) (he/she)
- Etruscan ac (to make, act) and Sumerian ak (to make, act)
- Etruscan an (he/she/it), Sumerian ane (he/she/it) and Tagalog ang (it/the)
- Etruscan ipa (who, which), Indonesian siapa (who) and Sumerian aba (who)
- Etruscan mi (I/me), Lombard mi (I/me) and Sumerian ma (I/me)
- Ewe yo (I agree, yes), Swedish jo (yes).
- Finnish kasa (pile) and Japanese kasamu (嵩む) (to pile up)
- Finnish ja (meaning "and") and Japanese や (ya) (meaning "or")
- Finnish hän (he, she) and Swedish/Norwegian/Danish han (he)
- Finnish liian (too, exceedingly)[note 8] and Greek lían (λίαν; very, very much, overmuch, exceedingly)
- Finnish mua (me, colloquial)[note 9] and French moi (me)
- French boudoir (bedroom) and English bower
- French écouter (listen) and Greek akouō (hear)
- French caisse/Italian cassa (money box) and Tamil kasu (an ancient monetary unit) (see Cash (disambiguation))
- French feu (fire)[note 10] and German Feuer (fire)[note 11][8]
- French Gaule (whence English Gaul) and Latin Gallia
- French le and Samoan le (both "the")
- French lien and Mandarin lián/ Vietnamese liên (both "link")
- French papillon and Nahuatl papalotl (both "butterfly")
- French qui est-ce? (who is this?)/ Italian chi è? (Who is this?) and Hungarian ki ez? (who is this?)
- French rue and Mandarin lù (路)/ Vietnamese lộ (both "road") Ga ba (come) and Hebrew ba (בא) (came) and Kannada ba (come).
- Gascon babau, Romanian babau, Italian (dialectal) babau and Ukrainian babay (bogeyman)
- German Ach, so! and Japanese Aa, soo (ああ、そう) (I see)
- German haben (to have) and Latin habere (to have)[9]
- German Schwur and Hebrew shvu`a (שבועה) (both "oath")
- German Seele and Lithuanian siela (both meaning "soul")
- German Kreuz and Russian krest (крест) (both "cross")
- Greek thesato and Russian sosat' (сосать; to suck)
- Greek alla (but) and Hebrew/Aramaic ella (but rather)
- Greek gyné (γυνή; woman), Hawaiian/Maori wahine (woman) (and similar forms in other Polynesian languages) and Latin vagina
- Greek root -lab- and Sanskrit root -labh- (take)[10]
- Greek meta (μετά, between) and Mi'kmaq mata (junction, as in matapegiag)
- Greek pauo (παύω, stop, cease) and Hawaiian pau (finished, done, end)
- Greek phullon (leaf, plant), Korean p'ul (풀) (herb, grass) and Tamil pul (புல்) (grass)
- Greek pou (where) and Hebrew poh (here)/ephoh (where)
- Greek stylos (column) and Latin stilus (pen): the English spellings "style" and "stylus" result from a false etymology
- Greek theos (god) and Greek Zeus (the king of all gods)
- Greek theos and Latin deus (both "god")
- Greek theos (god) and Nahuatl teo (god – absolutive: teotl)
- Greenlandic tallimat and Tagalog lima (both "five")
- Hawaiian kahuna (priest) and Hebrew k'huna (כְּהוּנָה) (priesthood)
- Hebrew ari (lion) and Tamil ari (lion) and Kazakh Aristan
- Hebrew din (law) and Persian din (religion)
- Hebrew derekh (דֶרֶך) (way, route) and Russian doroga / Ukrainian doroha (дорога; road)
- Hebrew derekh (דֶרֶך) and German durch (both "through")
- Hebrew har (הר) and Ukrainian hora (гора) (both "mountain)
- Hebrew ish and Yana Ishi (both "man")
- Hebrew sar (prince), English sir (nobleman), Russian Tsar (emperor)
- Hebrew shesh (שׁשׁ) (six) with Hurrian šeše and Persian shesh (six)
- Hindi chapatti and Italian ciabatta
- Hungarian föld (earth, land, soil) and Icelandic fold (earth, land, ground)
- Indonesian dua (two), Korean dul (two) and Vietnamese đôi (pair)
- Indonesian kepala (head) and Greek kephale (head)
- Inuktitut kayak and Turkish kayık[11] and Choco language group cayuca (rowing boat)
- Irish ach and Hebrew ach (אַך) (both "but")
- Italian aiutare and Finnish auttaa (both "to help")
- Italian donna and Japanese onna (女) (both "woman")
- Italian micio (small cat) and Quechua michi (cat)
- Italian popolo and K’iche’ popol (both "people")
- Italian roba (set of things) and Croatian roba (goods, things for sale)
- Italian sette (seven)[note 12] and Yakut sette (seven)[note 13]
- Japanese arigatō (ありがとう; thank you) and Portuguese obrigado (thank you)
- Japanese baba (祖母/ばば) (grandmother) and Bulgarian and Russian baba (бабушка, баба; grandmother) and Yiddish Bubbe (Grandmother)
- Japanese gaijin (外人) (non-Japanese), Romani gadjo (non-Romani), Hebrew and Yiddish goy (non-Jew)
- Japanese hato (dove, from Proto-Japanese pato) and Spanish pato (duck)
- Japanese kofun (古墳) (megalithic tomb) and English coffin
- Japanese ne (ね), colloquial German ne, colloquial Portuguese né (contraction of não é? "isn't it?"), colloquial Kapampangan neh ("right?", "isn't it?") (all tag question markers)
- Japanese oi (おい) and British English oi (Interjection to get someone's attention)
- Japanese shiru (知る) (know) and Latin scire (know)
A graphic example; the Japanese katakana ト to and the Latin letter t, as well as the hiragana て te and ꞇ, a Gaelic form of the Latin letter t
- Kannada kivi (ಕಿವಿ) (ear) and Korean kwi (귀) (ear) (Korean kwi pronounced ki in normal speech)
- Korean tokki (axe) and Mapuche natives and Easter Island Polynesian toki (axe)
- Korean nan (난) and Tamil naan (நான்) (I)
- Korean mal (말) and Icelandic mál (speech)
- Kyrgyz ayal and Parji ayal (both "woman")
- Latin ego and Tagalog ako (both "I")
- Latin et and Kapampangan at (both "and")
- Latin faciō (I make) and Māori whaka- (causative prefix; wh represents an f-like sound)
- Latin fēmina (woman, female) and Old English fǣmne/Old Frisian fēmne (maiden)
- Latin Iov- (Jupiter, oblique case stem) and Medieval Latin Iehovah (Jehovah)
- Malay atuk and Inuit atuk (both "grandfather")
- Malay mata and modern Greek máti (eye, from ommátion)[5]
- Mandarin Chinese nǐ (你), Swedish ni and Tamil nii (நீ). All three words mean you.
- Mandarin Chinese "tā shì" (她是) and Irish "tá sí", meaning "she is"
- Persian ābād "city, building, habitation" (compare -abad in South Asian city names) and English abode (also compare Scots abade or abaid, Middle English abad and unattested Old English *ābād)
- Persian se (سه) and Korean se (세) and Shanghainese 三 se, all meaning: three.
- Polish mieszkanie (apartment) and Hebrew mishkan (מִשׁכָּן) (Hebrew word #4908 in Strong's Concordance) (dwelling)
- Proto-Indo-European *temh₁- "to cut" and Proto-Algonquian *temah- "to cut off (by tool)" (compare tomahawk)
- Romanian rău and Hebrew ra (רַע) (both masculine forms of adj. "bad")
- Romanian feminine definite article -a and Aramaic definite article -a (both suffixes)
- Russian нам (nam, us, dative of мы (my, we)), Ngarrindjeri nam (us) and Tagalog namin (us, by us, through us)
- Russian taz (basin) and unitaz (toilet bowl)
- Spanish como (as/like) and Hebrew k'mo (כְּמוֹ) (as/like) and Arabic kma (as/like)
- Sanskrit urj (ऊर्ज्) (strength, vigour) and English urge
- Santali seta (dog) and Ainu seta/sita (dog)
- Spanish y [i] and Slavic и/i [i] (both "and")
- Spanish first-person pronoun yo (I) and archaic Japanese first-person pronoun yo (よ) (I)
- Tamil amma (அம்மா)(mother) and Korean eomma (엄마) (mother)
- Tamil appa (அப்பா) and Korean appa (아빠) (both "father")
- Tamil nāḷ (நாள்) and Korean nal (날) (both "day")
- Tamil vā (வா) (come) and Korean wa (와) (come) --the Korean wa is an artifact of verb conjugation
- Tamil onnu (ஒண்ணு) and Korean eoneu (어느) (both "one")
- Thai dao (ดาว) and Vietnamese sao (both "star")
- Turkish bir and Ingain biré (both "one")
- Turkish dil and Tagalog dila (both "tongue")
- Turkish göl and Swedish göl (both "lake")
- Turkish kara (land, shore) and Tamil karai (கரை) (shore)
- Welsh cwmwl / Latin cumulus and Japanese kumo (雲) (cloud)
- Welsh hi and Hebrew hi (הִיא) (both "she")